nginx HttpRewriteModule

Posted on 2013 年 8 月 7 日 by Blackford

url重写以及url的重定向对于seo有很好的作用，我想大家应该都很清楚，很多人使用过apache的URL重写，今天我么来讲一下nginx的重写机制。
简单的Nginx和Apache 重写规则区别不大，基本上能够完全兼容。例如：

Apache Rewrite 规则：[shell]

RewriteRule ^/(mianshi|xianjing)/$ /zl/index.php?name=$1 [L]

RewriteRule ^/ceshi/$ /zl/ceshi.php [L]

RewriteRule ^/(mianshi)_([a-zA-Z]+)/$ /zl/index.php?name=$1_$2 [L]

RewriteRule ^/pingce([0-9]*)/$ /zl/pingce.php?id=$1 [L][/shell]

Nginx Rewrite 规则：[shell]

rewrite ^/(mianshi|xianjing)/$ /zl/index.php?name=$1 last;

rewrite ^/ceshi/$ /zl/ceshi.php last;

rewrite ^/(mianshi)_([a-zA-Z]+)/$ /zl/index.php?name=$1_$2 last;

rewrite ^/pingce([0-9]*)/$ /zl/pingce.php?id=$1 last;[/shell]

由以上示例可以看出，Apache的Rewrite规则改为Nginx的Rewrite规则，其实很简单：Apache的RewriteRule指令换成Nginx的rewrite指令，Apache的[L]标记换成Nginx的last标记，中间的内容不变。

如果Apache的Rewrite规则改为Nginx的Rewrite规则后，使用nginx -t命令检查发现nginx.conf配置文件有语法错误，那么可以尝试给条件加上引号。例如一下的Nginx Rewrite规则会报语法错误：[shell]

rewrite ^/([0-9]{5}).html$ /x.jsp?id=$1 last;[/shell]

加上引号就正确了：[shell]
rewrite "^/([0-9]{5}).html$" /x.jsp?id=$1 last;[/shell]

Apache与Nginx的Rewrite规则在URL跳转时有细微的区别：

Apache Rewrite 规则：[shell]
RewriteRule ^/html/tagindex/([a-zA-Z]+)/.*$ /$1/ [R=301,L][/shell]

Nginx Rewrite 规则：[shell]
rewrite ^/html/tagindex/([a-zA-Z]+)/.*$ http://$host/$1/ permanent;[/shell]

以上示例中，我们注意到，Nginx Rewrite 规则的置换串中增加了”http://$host”，这是在Nginx中要求的。
下面是一些Apache和Nginx规则的对应关系
a.Apache的RewriteCond对应Nginx的if
b.Apache的RewriteRule对应Nginx的rewrite
c.Apache的[R]对应Nginx的redirect
d.Apache的[P]对应Nginx的last
e.Apache的[R,L]对应Nginx的redirect
f.Apache的[P,L]对应Nginx的last
g.Apache的[PT,L]对应Nginx的last
再给出一个不带www跳转到www的实例[shell]
if ($host = ‘hxs.com’ ) {
rewrite ^/(.*)$ http://www.hxs.com/$1 permanent;
}[/shell]
nginx的虚拟主机配置支持绑定多个域名,多个域名使用空格隔开[shell]
server_name abc.com www.abc.com *.abc.com;[/shell]
而server_name的先后顺序的不同，对PHP程序中使用$_SERVER[“SERVER_NAME”]或getenv(‘SERVER_NAME’)获取服务器域名是有影响的：$_SERVER[“SERVER_NAME”]或getenv(‘SERVER_NAME’)获取的始终将是Nginx server_name配置中的第一个域名，这一点在程序开发中需要注意。这第一个域名就相当于Apache虚拟主机配置中的ServerName，后面的域名就相当于Apache的ServerAlias。
这里给出一个配置文件的实例：[shell]

#user nobody;
worker_processes 1;

#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;

#pid logs/nginx.pid;

events {
worker_connections 1024;
}

http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;

#log_format main ‘$remote_addr – $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ‘
# ‘$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ‘
# ‘"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"’;

#access_log logs/access.log main;

sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;

#keepalive_timeout 0;
keepalive_timeout 65;

#gzip on;

server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;

#charset koi8-r;

#access_log logs/host.access.log main;

location / {
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
}

#error_page 404 /404.html;

# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}

# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
#}

# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
#
location ~ \.php$ {
root html;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}

# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache’s document root
# concurs with nginx’s one
#
#location ~ /\.ht {
# deny all;
#}
}

# another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
#
#server {
# listen 8000;
# listen somename:8080;
# server_name somename alias another.alias;

# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}

# HTTPS server
#
#server {
# listen 443;
# server_name localhost;

# ssl on;
# ssl_certificate cert.pem;
# ssl_certificate_key cert.key;

# ssl_session_timeout 5m;

# ssl_protocols SSLv2 SSLv3 TLSv1;
# ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
# ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;

# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}

server {
listen 80;
server_name dev.com;

#charset koi8-r;

#access_log logs/host.access.log main;

location / {
root /usr/local/nginx/html/dev;
index index.html index.htm;
}

#error_page 404 /404.html;

# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}

# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
#}

# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
#
location ~ \.php$ {
root html;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /usr/local/nginx/html/dev$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}

# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache’s document root
# concurs with nginx’s one
#
#location ~ /\.ht {
# deny all;
#}
}

server {
listen 80;
server_name www.pwgo.com;

#charset koi8-r;

#access_log logs/host.access.log main;

location / {
root /usr/local/nginx/html/pwgo;
# index index.html index.htm;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
}

#error_page 404 /404.html;

# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}

# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
#}

# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
#
location ~ \.php$ {
root html;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /usr/local/nginx/html/pwgo$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}

# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache’s document root
# concurs with nginx’s one
#
#location ~ /\.ht {
# deny all;
#}
}

server {
listen 80;
#server_name www.hxs.com hxs.com;
server_name hxs.com www.hxs.com;

#charset koi8-r;

#access_log logs/host.access.log main;

location / {
root /usr/local/nginx/html/hxs;
#index index.php index.html index.htm;
#if ($host = ‘hxs.com’ ) {
# rewrite ^/(.*)$ http://www.hxs.com/$1 permanent;
#}
index index.html index.htm index.php;
rewrite enterprise/CompanyView-([0-9]+)\.html$ /enterprise/CompanyView.php?Param=$1 last;
rewrite enterprise/comcenter\.html$ enterprise/main.php?act=CompanyCenter last;
rewrite enterprise/CompanyView-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)\.html$ /enterprise/CompanyView.php?Param=$1&act=pos&pid=$2 last;
}

#error_page 404 /404.html;

# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}

# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
#}

# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
#
location ~ \.php$ {
root html;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /usr/local/nginx/html/hxs$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}

# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache’s document root
# concurs with nginx’s one
#
#location ~ /\.ht {
# deny all;
#}
}
}[/shell]
最后给出一个apache的重写快速转成nginx的工具
http://www.anilcetin.com/convert-apache-htaccess-to-nginx/

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About Blackford

这是个最好的时代，这是个最坏的时代，这是个充满希望的春天，这是个令人绝望的冬天，我们前面什么都有，我们前面什么都没有。梦想，让我们一次次的走远，又一次次的回头，一个关于人生的梦想还在不断奔跑，带着喜悦和疼痛，不过一切才刚刚开始，并且直到今天也远远没有结束
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